The Harvey Weinstein Appeal Ruling: Annotated and Explained

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The overturning of Harvey Weinstein’s New York sex crimes conviction, and the ordering of a new trial, may feel like a sudden, shocking turn. In the public mind, he is a fully disgraced figure: sentenced to long prison terms in two cities, defined by the public testimonies of nearly 100 alleged victims whose stories formed the cornerstone of the #MeToo movement. But in legal terms, his New York conviction was always controversial, and his appeals always stood a chance.

— Jodi Kantor

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Central to the decision to overturn the conviction was something called “Molineux witnesses,” which refers to witnesses in a trial who are allowed to testify about criminal acts that the defendant has not been charged with committing.

— Maria Cramer

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During the Weinstein trial, prosecutors sought to persuade jurors that he had a long history of using his prominence as a Hollywood producer to lure young women to hotel rooms and sexually assault them. They did this by calling other women to the stand who said Mr. Weinstein had assaulted them, including Dawn Dunning, Tarale Wulff and Lauren Young. Mr. Weinstein was not charged with assaulting those women, but Justice James Burke allowed them to appear for the prosecution as Molineux witnesses, also known as “prior bad act” witnesses.

— Maria Cramer

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Complainant A is Miriam Haley, who previously went by the name Mimi Haleyi. At trial, she testified that she first met Mr. Weinstein at a movie premiere in London when she was a young production assistant.

— Nicole Hong

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Complainant B is Jessica Mann, who was an aspiring actress when she met Mr. Weinstein and who testified at the trial. Prosecutors said she maintained a relationship with Mr. Weinstein to save her career.

— Nicole Hong

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Complainant C is Annabella Sciorra, the actress best known for her roles in “The Sopranos” and “Jungle Fever.” She met Mr. Weinstein at a party in Los Angeles in the early 1990s when he was a young producer. She testified at the trial.

— Nicole Hong

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Witness 1 is Dawn Dunning, who was a waitress and aspiring actress when she met Mr. Weinstein. He offered to help with her acting career, and she had initially believed him to be a mentor, prosecutors said. She testified at the trial.

— Nicole Hong

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Witness 2 is Tarale Wulff, who was an aspiring actress waiting tables at an exclusive lounge in Manhattan when she met Mr. Weinstein. Mr. Weinstein, the restaurant owner’s friend, always sat at the owner’s table, where staff were expected to treat him well. She testified at the trial.

— Nicole Hong

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Witness 3 is Lauren Young, a model who wanted to break into the film business. She brought a script to a meeting with Mr. Weinstein at a hotel bar in Beverly Hills, which prosecutors say was a ruse for Mr. Weinstein to sexually assault her. She testified at the trial.

— Nicole Hong

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Thursday’s ruling in New York also raised questions about whether a separate conviction in California in 2022 — on rape and sexual assault charges — can survive a similar legal challenge. That case also relied in part on witnesses whose accusations did not lead to charges. Mr. Weinstein’s lawyer in the California case said she planned to file an appeal next month.

— Jan Ransom

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The majority of the court appeared to take umbrage with the fierce statements of the dissenting judges, defending their ruling in numerous footnotes and throughout the opinion, a back-and-forth that suggested the decision had given rise to considerable tension among the judges.

— Maria Cramer

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The appeals court agreed with Mr. Weinstein that the trial judge violated his right to testify in his own defense. The trial judge had ruled that if Mr. Weinstein took the stand, prosecutors would be allowed to question him about a long history of bad behavior, including allegations that he threw food at an employee and punched his brother at a business meeting. The appeals ruling said this “impermissibly” affected Mr. Weinstein’s decision not to testify at trial.

— Nicole Hong

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Thursday’s decision did not discount the credibility of the accusations against Mr. Weinstein. Rather, it found fault with the admission of the testimony of women whose descriptions of abuse fell outside the criminal case.

— The New York Times

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The reversal of the conviction was determined by a single vote, by a majority female panel of judges, who in February held a searching public debate about the fairness of the trial.

— Jodi Kantor

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Judge Madeline Singas wrote in a dissent that the witness testimony of the additional women, who described their disgust and horror at Mr. Weinstein’s advances, had made it clearer to the jury that the former producer had to have known that he did not have the women’s consent.

— Maria Cramer

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Judge Singas’s fiery dissent accused the court of making it more difficult for victims to seek justice against their assailants in future cases.

— Maria Cramer

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Judge Anthony Cannataro, who also dissented, wrote that the additional witnesses the prosecution presented were vital to show Mr. Weinstein’s pattern of manipulation and coercion.

— Maria Cramer