FTX Co-Founder Nishad Singh Pleads Guilty in Fraud Inquiry

A former high-ranking colleague of Sam Bankman-Fried on Tuesday became the third person to plead guilty to criminal charges arising from the collapse of the cryptocurrency exchange FTX and agree to cooperate with federal prosecutors.

Nishad Singh, 27, an FTX founder who went on to serve as the company’s director of engineering, pleaded guilty to charges of wire fraud, commodities fraud, securities fraud, money laundering and campaign finance violations. The plea requires him to work with federal prosecutors as they pursue the billion-dollar fraud case against Mr. Bankman-Fried.

“Today’s guilty plea underscores once again that the crimes at FTX were vast in scope and consequence,” Damian Williams, the U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York, said in a statement. “They rocked our financial markets with a multibillion-dollar fraud. And they corrupted our politics with tens of millions of dollars in illegal straw campaign contributions.”

Andrew D. Goldstein and Russell Capone, Mr. Singh’s lawyers, said in a statement that “Nishad is deeply sorry for his role in this and has accepted responsibility for his actions.” Mr. Singh wants to assist the government and “make things right for victims,” the statement said.

The charges against Mr. Singh carry a maximum prison term of 75 years, though plea deals often result in significantly reduced sentences.

His cooperation heightens the pressure on Mr. Bankman-Fried, 30, who has been charged with orchestrating a scheme to use billions in customer deposits to finance political contributions, fund more than 300 ventures and cover other lavish spending. Mr. Bankman-Fried was extradited to the United States on Dec. 21 after his arrest in the Bahamas, where FTX was based. That night, federal prosecutors announced that two executives in his inner circle, Gary Wang and Caroline Ellison, were cooperating with the investigation and had pleaded guilty to fraud.

Mr. Singh was a key figure at FTX who worked closely with Mr. Bankman-Fried, Mr. Wang and Ms. Ellison. In the plea agreement, the authorities said that Mr. Singh had knowledge of or participated in an effort “to artificially inflate FTX’s revenue,” and that he had provided false or misleading information to auditors and regulators.

On Tuesday, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission also filed civil complaints against Mr. Singh. The complaints said that he had been aware that FTX and its sister hedge fund, Alameda Research, were misusing customer funds and that he had helped create software code that enabled the fraud.

According to the S.E.C., Mr. Singh also assigned fraudulent dates to a series of transactions to make it appear that FTX’s 2021 revenue was $50 million higher than it was, and then lied about the scheme to auditors. And last September and October, the complaint said, he withdrew roughly $6 million from FTX for his personal use, spending the money on charitable donations and a multimillion-dollar house, when he knew FTX customer funds were being misappropriated.

FTX filed for bankruptcy in November after the crypto equivalent of a bank run exposed an $8 billion hole in its accounts. Its implosion was the worst moment in a yearlong crypto industry meltdown that sent the market spiraling and cost investors billions of dollars in lost deposits.

The investigation into FTX has gained steam in recent weeks. On Thursday, federal prosecutors announced a revised indictment against Mr. Bankman-Fried that included several new charges and detailed the alleged scheme to defraud customers and investors and funnel tens of millions in illegal campaign contributions to political candidates and political action committees.

Mr. Bankman-Fried pleaded not guilty in January to the original indictment and is expected to return to court in the next few months to be arraigned on the revised charges, according to a court filing. A spokesman for Mr. Bankman-Fried declined to comment.

Mr. Singh is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley. He worked as a software engineer on the applied machine-learning team at Facebook and then joined Alameda, the crypto hedge fund that Mr. Bankman-Fried founded and owned. Mr. Singh has also been a close friend of Mr. Bankman-Fried’s younger brother, Gabe, who ran Guarding Against Pandemics, an organization that received much of its financial support from FTX.

In 2019, Mr. Bankman-Fried, Mr. Wang and Mr. Singh founded FTX in Hong Kong, before moving the company to the Bahamas two years later. The three founders and Ms. Ellison were active in the effective altruism movement, a brand of philanthropy that urges donors to use data to maximize the long-term impact of their donations. They all sat on the board of the FTX Foundation, Mr. Bankman-Fried’s philanthropic operation, and lived together in a luxurious penthouse at Albany, a resort on the Bahamian island of New Providence.

As FTX grew, Mr. Bankman-Fried became its public face while Mr. Wang and Mr. Singh were crucial behind the scenes, responsible for writing the software code for FTX.

According to FTX’s bankruptcy filings, Mr. Singh received a $543 million loan from Alameda, and the hedge fund paid lawyers at Sullivan & Cromwell to provide him with legal advice on tax matters and estate planning.

As FTX took off, Mr. Singh was one of a handful of its executives, led by Mr. Bankman-Fried and Ryan Salame, who suddenly emerged as political megadonors.

In all, FTX employees and others associated with the crypto exchange contributed $93 million to political campaigns over the past several years. Mr. Singh and Mr. Bankman-Fried mainly backed Democratic candidates, while Mr. Salame funded Republicans.

Prosecutors have argued that FTX orchestrated a “straw donation” scheme — in which a person makes a contribution in someone else’s name to avoid limits on individuals or companies — to build influence in Washington and shape crypto regulations.

Mr. Singh appears to have been a key figure in that effort.

Starting in the weeks before the 2020 election, he gave nearly $9.7 million, mostly to super PACs associated with the Democratic Party. Last summer, he gave $1.1 million to the LGBTQ Victory Fund Federal PAC, accounting for the majority of the money raised by the organization, campaign records show.

The revised indictment against Mr. Bankman-Fried includes an allegation that a political consultant working for him pressured an unnamed co-conspirator to make a contribution of at least $1 million to a PAC that “appeared to be affiliated with pro-L.G.B.T.Q. issues.”

The charging document against Mr. Singh provided few details about the nature of his campaign finance violations. But prosecutors wrote that Mr. Singh had made contributions “that were paid for using funds from Alameda Research and reported to the Federal Election Commission in the names of persons other than the true source of the funds.”

After Mr. Bankman-Fried’s initial indictment, federal prosecutors began seeking information about donations by him, Mr. Singh, Mr. Salame, FTX and Alameda, including requesting records about the contributions from lawyers representing the beneficiaries. Several campaigns have returned or donated to charity amounts equivalent to the donations, while others have set aside funds for possible restitution to victims of FTX’s collapse.

Kenneth P. Vogel and Benjamin Weiser contributed reporting.